Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a syndrome, a conical condition, which usually begins in childhood and persists into adulthood. It occurs in approximately 5% of school-age children, and approximately 60% of these reach adulthood with their symptoms. Among young individuals, it affects more boys and, among the hyperactive symptoms, inattention predominates. In adulthood, the latter is more frequent, and men and women are affected in similar proportions. Carriers of this syndrome, in adolescence, can present problems of misconduct, presenting reflexes in their personal relationships, contributing to low self-esteem, troubled relationships and difficulty in school or work. ADHD is also called Attention Deficit Disorder- ADD. In English it is known as ADD, ADHD or AD/HD.
It is characterized by symptoms of inattention, restlessness and impulsivity. Individuals who have ADHD often make careless mistakes; they do not keep their attention on the activities they are performing, usually leaving them half done and even losing materials needed to carry them out; have difficulty organizing tasks and activities; are easily distracted. On the other hand, those with more visible hyperactivity traits move frequently and quickly; move feet and hands (even at rest); has difficulties in being silent (they talk a lot); and are often impulsive. There are also individuals who present these two traits simultaneously.
Approximately 75% of people with this syndrome are children of people with ADHD. In addition, problems that occur during pregnancy and traumatic events are also related to their causes.
The diagnosis is usually made by a pediatrician, neurologist or psychiatrist; through a patient behavioral survey. The participation of parents, teachers and/or close people is usually required, analyzing their behavior, development, childhood, medical and family history, among other aspects. Neurological assessment and the application of specific tests may be necessary.
Treatment usually requires the use of stimulant-type drugs (only if prescribed by the doctor), associated with therapy sessions, as well as psychological or neuropsychological help, as well as guidance to parents and teachers, in order to deal with the individual in a more coherent way, so it is important to follow up with a Psychologist, Neurologist, Speech-Language Pathologist, Neuropsychopedagogue and Psychopedagogue.
Considering that such individuals are usually stigmatized (bullied) by colleagues and family members, causing difficulties to harm their lives in the short and long term, which can lead to drug use, deviant behavior and mood disorders, it is essential that both assessment, diagnosis and intervention are carried out as early as possible so that effective results can be obtained.
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